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摘 要 以国产SS4型电力机车的数学模型为基础,将谐波源作为受控电流源,提出了含牵引负荷的电力系统三相不对称谐波潮流新算法。其中,基波计算部分采用PQ分解法,并采用稀疏矩阵和对称矩阵处理技术,利用三相因子表求解,在很大程度上节省了内存,减少了计算量;谐波计算部分采用节点电压方程,利用高斯消去法直接求解,不存在收敛性问题。基波和谐波潮流进行分离相关迭代,最终求出各节点的基波和谐波电压以及各支路的基波功率和谐波电流。算例表明,该算法能有效地节省内存,且收敛性较好。 CALCULATION OF THREE-PHASE ASYMMETRICAL HARMONIC POWER FLOW Li Gengyin Xu Chunxia Wang Yong, Xiao Limin, Hao Jianxin Abstract The mathematical model of SS4 electric locomotive, made in China, is first introduced. Then considering the harmonic source as a controlled current source, a new algorithm for calculating three-phase asymmetrical harmonic power flow in power systems with traction loads is presented. In this algorithm, the three-phase fundamental power flow is solved by the PQ decoupled method in which the sparse and symmetrical matrix handling technology and three-phase factor table are used, thus memory is saved and computing quantity is decreased. The three-phase harmonic power flow is directly solved by Gaussian elimination method with linear nodal voltage equation, thus there exists no convergence problem. The fundamental and harmonic nodal voltage and branch current are solved by decoupled iteration of fundamental and harmonic power flow. The calculation results of some typical examples show that this algorithm can effectively save memory and has good convergence. 0 引言 1 电力机车的谐波模型 2 电网元件的三相谐波模型 输电线路采用三相π形等值电路模型。当谐波次数较高且线路较长时,应考虑线路参数的分布特性。对此,本文采用双曲函数来计算。三相输电线路中,单位长度串联阻抗和并联导纳都是3×3阶的方阵,其传播常数也是一个矩阵。由于没有计算矩阵双曲函数的直接方法,需借助模量分析法进行求解[6]。 2.2 变压器模型 在三相潮流计算中,变压器可近似看作对称元件,对于大型变压器还可忽略其励磁支路。在谐波作用下,变压器的等效电感近似认为不变,其谐波电抗与谐波次数成正比。而绕组的集肤效应和铁心的涡流损耗等在谐波作用下会有所增大,一些统计资料表明[7],变压器谐波等值电阻大致与谐波次数的平方根成正比。则变压器的k次谐波阻抗可表示为:
式中 k为谐波次数;RT1,XT1分别为变压器的基波电阻和电抗。 3 三相基波潮流计算
式中
式中 Ui和Ii分别为节点电压和电流的有效值。
3.2 三相网络的节点功率方程 形成三相导纳矩阵后,可以写出节点的注入功率方程。对于PQ节点,直接建立功率平衡方程:
式中 |